There are two major types of buoyage systems: the lateral system and the cardinal system. The lateral system is best suited for well-defined channels. The description of each buoy indicates the direction of danger relative to the course which is normally nofollowed. In principle, the positions of marks in the lateral system are determined by the general direction taken by the mariner when approaching port from seaward. These positions may also be determined with reference to the main stream of flood current. The United States Aids to Navigation System is a lateral system.

The cardinal system is best suited for coasts with numerous isolated rocks, shoals, and islands, and for dangers in the open sea. The characteristic of each buoy indicates the approximate true bearing of the danger it marks. Thus, an eastern quadrant buoy marks a danger which lies to the west of the buoy. The nofollowing pages diagram the cardinal and lateral buoyage systems as found outside the United States.

• Long range identification and tracking-LRIT - 2010-01-12 - 10:30:50
• Navigation Equipment - 2010-01-11 - 11:35:38
• Private Aids To Navigation - 2009-04-02 - 03:49:46
• Limitations Of Sound Signals - 2009-04-02 - 03:06:28
• Types Of Sound Signals - 2009-04-02 - 02:55:51
• Description Of The U.S. Aids to Navigation System - 2009-04-02 - 02:31:02
• Chart Symbols And Abbreviations - 2009-04-02 - 02:13:58
• Buoyage System - IALA New Dangers - 2009-04-02 - 02:00:57
• Buoyage System - IALA Special Marks - 2009-04-02 - 01:47:49
• Buoyage System - IALA Safe Water Marks - 2009-04-02 - 01:31:10

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